The life cycle of large igneous provinces

Extremely voluminous magmatic systems known as large igneous provinces (LIPs) punctuate Earth’s history, and the gases they release plausibly link large-scale geodynamic processes with major climate shifts in geological record. However, quantifying relationships between magmatism, gas environmental changes remains challenging. In this Review, we explore insights outstanding questions regarding linked evolution of mantle melting, expansive redistribution volatiles from solid Earth to atmosphere. The melt generation during LIP episodes sets fundamental tempo magma emplacement throughout crust. progression crustal magmatism associated hydrothermal activity help shape chemical continental lithosphere surface environment. Percolation metamorphic can decouple — a potential key driver extrusive volcanic activity. LIPs demonstrate how interact surrounding propel evolving regimes volatile transfer through New, temporally resolved constraints on plumbing are needed keep pace increasingly precise timelines palaeoenvironmental change emplacement. Major disruptions history often extensive events, termed provinces. This Review explores coupled over life cycle